American Society And The Ending Of The Vietnam War

The often-studied minority mentality entails that the most marginalized or outsider societal groups were likely to conform to the rest of society regarding opinions on foreign policy or military action as a means to gain greater social and political acceptance . The rise of the anti-war movement largely marked the end of the idea that patriotism was the â€Å"passport to equality† and acceptance. This is deeply explored by Jefferys-Jones in his 2001 book Peace now! American society and the ending of the Vietnam War. He looks at three groups- students, African Americans, and women- as groups that came into their own in the anti-war movement. The impact that these groups had within the movement were broad and varied, such as burning draft cards†¦show more content†¦The left-right divide broadened drastically as a result of the Vietnam War. This can be seeing nowhere more blatantly than in how the decades following the war unfolded politically, and how connected these a ttitudes are to the political climate of today. Lyndon B. Johnson, former vice president to John F. Kennedy, became president under tragic circumstances, but at a time that was relatively calm for this era. He entered into a thriving economy with low unemployment and steady growth. He drew in the left with strong support for civil rights and more open immigration, declared a war on poverty and promised a â€Å"Great Society† to the American people. What tarnished his second term as president and the years succeeding it was a credibility gap and continued escalation regarding Vietnam, despite large-scale societal backlash. â€Å"Hey! Hey! LBJ! How many kids did you kill today?† became a chant among anti-war protesters and his reputation, along with his legacy, became marred with controversy . Martin Luther King Junior put it best when he said â€Å"the promises of the Great Society have been shot down on the battlefield of Vietnam.† It comes as little surprise or coincidence that as a result, four of the five following presidents came from the Republican party, though this can not be boiled down simply to hatred of Johnson. Beyond the shift inShow MoreRelatedMajor Historical Turning Points in Americas Current Society1650 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Historical Turning Points in Americas Current Society Name Institution Date Major Historical Turning Points in Americas Current Society Two greatest historical turning points in the World War II through 1970s Many historical events happened in the II world war as rescored in the 1970s. One of the major happenings was the Kent State shootings that happened in May 4, 1970. Ohio National Guardsmen were on duty as they guarded students who were on a strike in Kent state college. One ofRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was The War Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the1950s North Vietnam was controlled by the Viet Cong (a National Liberation Front.) The Viet Cong were bullying South Vietnam, trying to make them a communist. Most of society will not stand up for the weaker person in a bully situation. The United States is not most of society; they believe you mess with someone your own size. Many people have different views on the Vietnam War: was the war necessary, was the war worth all the sacrifices of American troops lives, what was the United StatesRead MoreProtests Against the Vietnam War996 Words   |  4 Pagesdangerous creation of any society is the man who has nothing to lose† (Brai nyQuote.com). In the 1960s, â€Å"the man† was youth across the country. The Vietnam war was in full force, and students across the country were in an outrage. Society needed an excuse to rebel against the boring and safe way of life they were used to; Vietnam gave them the excuse they needed. Teenagers from different universities came together and formed various organizations that protested the Vietnam war for many reasons. TheseRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War, or also known as the American War to the Vietnamese people, is a catastrophic battle that has left both nations reeling with the casualties and the irreversible emotional, physical, and mental destruction for civilians and soldiers alike. Spanning over two decades, the war has taken away not only the lives of its soldiers, but also the souls of its survivors. Aware of its impact, artists, writers, and filmmakers from both sides have attempted to capture the post-war memor ies andRead MoreThe Media Of The 1960 S802 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolvement in documenting and reporting the Vietnam War. Aside from these social and political changes, thanks to the media of the 1960 s, the 21st century has been molded accordingly. Not only has television technology skyrocketed, but according to the Nelson Company, 96% of Americans as of 2015 now own a television in their homes. And with more families owning a television, the more they are informed by T.V reporters and the news channels. Americans are fed information from the country and otherRead MoreThe Conflict Of Vietnam War And The Fight Against Widespread Communism Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pages The conflict concerning Vietnam can be dated back to the Cold War and the fight against widespread communism. The fear of a domino theory in Southeast Asia lies at the heart of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Starting with president Truman and ending with Nixon, the Vietnam conflict continued to become progressively worse with time. Unlike previous wars, the Vietnam War tarnished America’s image as it was the first time in history the U.S. came out defeated while being far more advanced. However whetherRead MoreVietnam : A Look Into Vietnam1133 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Look into Vietnam† Vietnam resembles the shape of a seahorse that stretches southeast into the Pacific Ocean; Vietnam is known as to as the â€Å"balcony of the Pacific.† By way of its water transportation links that were developed prior to rail and road networks, Vietnamese migration pressed southward (Nam Tien) along the coast. (Taus-Bolstad, 2006) Distinct regions meant that trade was more than a means to establish national unity within a dispersed settler society. (Taus-Bolstad, 2006) A geographicalRead MoreRichard Nixon: Was He Truly Conservative? Essays1083 Words   |  5 Pages It is clear that Richard Nixon was elected as a conservative. He promised themes of â€Å"law and order† (Lecture 24, November 14), pandered to what he called the â€Å"silent majority† (Silent Majority Speech, 1969) and promised to end the unpopular Vietnam War, a product itself of liberal policies and ideals. He offered a sharp contrast in rhetoric between the soaring â€Å"we can do it all† language perpetuated by Kennedy and Johnson (Lecture 25, November 19). But how truly conservative was â€Å"Tricky Dick’s†Read MoreThe Vietnam War Of The Cold War1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam war started as a U.S. strategy of authority in times of the cold war, which was directed to prevent the advancement of communism in the world. The War had begun in 1954, after the rise of power with Ho Chi Minh and his communist Viet Minh party in North Vietnam, and continued against the backdrop of an intense Cold War against the United States and the Soviet Union. More than 3 million people were killed, including 58,000 Americans. In 1975, communist forces took control of SaigonRead MoreVietnam During The Cold War1129 Words   |  5 PagesVietnam resembles the shape of a seahorse that stretches southeast into the Pacific Ocean; Vietnam is known as to as the â€Å"balcony of the Pacific.† By way of its water transportation links that were developed prior to r ail and road networks, Vietnamese migration pressed southward (Nam Tien) along the coast. (Taus-Bolstad, 2006) Distinct regions meant that trade was more than a means to establish national unity within a dispersed settler society. (Taus-Bolstad, 2006) A geographical division of resources

Essay about Colombia Report - 1229 Words

The Deaf population in the United States is composed both of individuals Deaf since early childhood and individuals who lost their hearing later in life. The quot;Deaf Communityquot;, a heterogeneous mix of people from all walks of life, represents every socio-economic and racial category. However, this group of people consider themselves quot;a communityquot; because they are bound by a common culture, history, heritage and, most importantly, a common language. This language, which forms the foundation of the Deaf Community, is known as American Sign Language (ASL). ASL is a beautiful and expressive visual language that holds the Deaf Community together. (Lake) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Unfortunately, deaf/Hard of hearing people†¦show more content†¦As a result, many deaf students in this country graduate from both residential and mainstreamed programs with a third to fifth-grade reading level and little chance of going to college or ever holding more than a minimum-wage job. Several studies have reported a higher incidence of substance abuse in the deaf community, largely due to the lack of access to information, or understanding about substance abuse. This is a prime example of how deaf students are not getting taught like they should be. Therefore, a major goal of the Deaf civil rights movement is parity in education--development of an educational system where deaf children can become both deaf and literate.(Searls) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One specific example of discrimination that I found is from the Journal News. It is about a woman who worked at a deaf school in New York. She was deaf since birth and she attended public schools in Manhatten, and always communicated through speech. She learned sign language so she could teach deaf students, because she wanted to help the deaf community any way she could. Hearing aids became less effective for her in recent years so she opted to get the cochlear implants. These implants enabled some deaf people to be able to hear better. Not all Deaf people are able to get them such as ones that are totally deaf. So she got these implants and it improved her hearing very much. She started to encounter disapproval atShow MoreRelatedEssay Case Report: Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Colombia811 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Summer 2013 Case Report: Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Colombia BUSA 4980 Chiquita Brands international was founded in 1899 after the merger of United Fruit Company and the Boston Fruit Company. As bananas be came more of a staple in every home so do Chiquita Bananas. Bananas are know to mainly grown in tropical places like Central America, Africa and Southeast Asia. Chiquita decided to have operations out of Colombia. During this time there was turmoil in Colombia and different terrorRead MoreThe Political Landscape Of Colombia1028 Words   |  5 PagesColombia is located in the northwest of South America. The current population is estimated to be in the region of 46.73 million with the capital city Bogota being the most populated. The labour force is estimated to be 24.34 million. Colombia’s major resources are oil and coal. The country operates in a representative democracy which attempts to empower the masses. Juan Manuel Santos Calderon is the president; he is currently serving his last term in office Colombia is dominated by two politicalRead MoreColombia s Gross Domestic Product1191 Words   |  5 PagesGDP Colombia’s Gross Domestic Product has a worth of 378 Billion US dollars. The average GDP of Colombia from 1960 to 2014 is USD 83 Billion. From lowest of USD 4 Billion in 1960 to the highest of USD 380 Billion in 2013. Rate of growth The rate of growth of Colombia expanded 60% quarter on quarter on 2015 on the last three months. In 2015, the GDP expanded 3.1 percent which decreased 1.1 of 4.8 percent in 2014. However, the average GDP growth rate has an average of 1.07% (2001 to 2015). TheRead MoreSimon Bolivar1126 Words   |  5 PagesHerbert Maduro Columbia Southern University Simon Bolivar has been considered by many historians as the liberator of the Americas, he lead an army that liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia from the Spanish rule. Bolivar dreamed in having these countries unified as one big country called â€Å"The Gran Colombia†. These countries would have shared a centralized government and would have had the city of Bogota as its capital. In this article I want to explore the reasons why he couldRead MoreEssay about The Colombian Conflict1608 Words   |  7 Pagesinternal armed war that has been going on for more than half a century, approximately originated in the early 1950’s. It is a war between the government, various parliamentary groups and left-wing guerrillas such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN), for the struggle of political power and economic/social rights. Since its origin, the war has involved multiple agendas of power, drugs, violence and greed. It is about time the world takes a seriousRead MoreColombia s Struggle With Domestic Guerilla Groups And Drug Cartels1489 Words   |  6 Pagescartels, Colombia has not had a time of peace since they became independent nearly 200 years ago. None of these conflicts have resolved peacefully. They were usually caused by difference in culture or beliefs. Corruption within their own government has lef t Colombia without legitimate authority; the citizens have nobody to trust, be helped by, or be defended by. Colombia has the potential to institute a stable and effective government, but it has some major complications holding it back. Colombia hasRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On America1600 Words   |  7 Pagestrade to be and bring out what narcotics trafficking really is, as well as trying to coincide with the motivations of those people who take part in this. I will present the origins of drug trafficking, case studies regarding two countries (Mexico and Colombia), as well as the overall effects of the business on South America and United States. Drug Trafficking in South America starts in the early 19th century. The origins of marijuana is from the cannabis plant, geographically it is originated from CentralRead MoreAnalysis Of Scales Corporation New Zealand Essay2023 Words   |  9 Pagesmainly exports apple to the Middle East and Asia , UK and Europe .In 2015 only, they exported 4.17 TCEs of apples to 159 customers in 40 countries and half a billion apples were picked from Mr apple orchards.According to the company s 2015 annual report ,Mr apple was the one that provided most of the revenue for the Scales Corporation because it exceeded the targets that they ha set in the previous year.Mr Apple makes huge surplus because they export diversified quality of their apples to meet differentRead More Columbia and Drug Trade Essay4824 Words   |  20 PagesColumbia and Drug Trade Nowadays, when someone thinks of Colombia, they unfortunately almost always think of two things, coffee and cocaine (with its associated guerilla warfare). It is true that during the last 50 years these two products, one legal, and the other not, have been great monetary contributors to the Colombian economy. Coffee is Colombia’s principal agricultural product, and it is also the country’s second largest export. The production of coffee uses 300,000 farms and employsRead MoreDrug Cartel Control in Columbia867 Words   |  3 PagesThe situation between government agencies and the drug cartels in Mexico is similar to the one in Colombia 20 years ago. As I have previously said, throughout the 1990s the Cali and Medellin drug cartels dominated the world cocaine trade. Both cartels were made up of several different drug-trafficking organizations, each containing its own specific organizational structure. These cartels hid their cocaine production labs in remote, jungle r egions, where Colombian insurgent groups provided them cover

Promoting Internally in Expatriate Management Free Essays

Many companies deal with expatriate executives/personnel in a variety of ways. In determining an expatriate there is no right or wrong way. The difference is determined by how the company is trying to meet their goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Promoting Internally in Expatriate Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The selection process for an expatriate varies significantly from one company to another. When a company has entered the international/global market, it is vital for that company to decide upon which method to use for determining their expatriate executive/personnel. The two methods available are outsourcing and promoting internally. This paper will focus upon promoting internally. Cook (1999, p. 177) said, â€Å"Large established companies that have multiple global operations; Companies that are just starting their international operations that may not have experienced staff to effectively handle international HR situations; and Companies whose business needs fluctuate as overseas projects are initiated and completed. † If your company has decided to outsource then there are many sites on the web that are specifically geared towards outsourcing. Some of these locations are: http://www. iorworld. com http://www. ems. com http://www. expat. ca http://escapeartist. com Many companies and organizations will decide to internally promote and produce an expatriate executive rather than outsourcing the process. When a company or corporation does decide to promote internally many factors must be considered. The company will have to decide where to build the new facility, what products to produce, what resources to use, where to get the resources, what governmental policies must the facility adhere too, the size of the facility, and so on. The HR department will be responsible for developing the policies and procedures necessary for operating/running the plant. One of the first steps the HR department will be to develop the specific knowledge, skills, and attributes (KSA) and training necessary for success as an expatriate executive. However, Training will not be discussed but the process was mentioned because it is a vital ingredient to the success of the expatriate executive. Before selecting the individual, the company needs to take into consideration the family of the individual. The company will have to prepare not only the employee or executive but also their family. Once an individual has been selected, the expatriate will need to be rewarded some way. This will be discussed later. When deciding on the executive/employee to promote to an expatriate position, several KSA are desired. According to Desatnick and Bennet (1977, p. 41-148) the areas that need to be considered for an expatriate executive in order of importance are adaptability/flexibility, high tolerance for frustration and patience, empathy/understanding, high intellectual capacity, ability to learn language, problem-solving ability, opportunity mindedness, results orientated, decision making ability, communication skills, integrity, priorities skills, and professionalism. An HR department will have to decide upon which areas are more important and applicable to their organizations in order to promote the right individual. The individual will have to be flexible and patient due to the cultural difference between the countries. What is standard in one nation might not be in the other. What could be considered a standard or norm here may be considered as rudeness or affectionate in another. A thorough understanding of the new culture is vital to the success of the expatriate in that country. When an individual begins to understand the culture, hen they must be able to make decisions and solve problems within a timely matter. The person will need to have a high level of intelligence, perception, and imagination in order to succeed. The expatriate will have to be able to communicate efficiently with all forms of communications bases (writing, speaking, training, motivating, etc) and know when and what to prioritize. The expatriate should be aware that they are an extended image of the company/organization and should be professional and have integrity beyond reproach. In determining who will be an expatriate, the company will need to look at the family of the expatriate. â€Å"We not only have to deal with the employee†s ability to adapt to another culture, but most now add another variable: the spouse and family. It has been documented by countless researchers that spouses are a critically important aspect of a successful expatriate experience. † (Schell Solomon, 1997, p. 153) The family of the expatriate plays a vital role in how successful the expatriate will be. Once an expatriate has been determined, then the ompany must provide rewards or benefits to this individual. These perks or benefits should include some if not all of the following: â€Å"Salary, Annual incentives, Long-term incentives, Benefits, and Perquisites. † (Cook, 1999, p. 39) These areas could be broken down in to several areas. Some of these areas are known as allowances. Some of the most common allowances are Housing, Education, Relocation, Cost-of-living, and Exchange rate fluctuations as determined by Bennet Desatnick (1977, p. 211-218). In conclusion once a company has selected the process f determining an expatriate (outsourcing or internally) then they must decide on the HR policies and procedures in selecting an individual, and then providing that individual with compensation for being an expatriate. These processes and procedures developed by the HR department need to be specific. Most companies realize the importance of an expatriate executive in their foreign facilities. The foreign facility will only be as effective and efficient as the expatriate executive. The selection of the company†s expatriate executive is vitally important to the success of the company in a foreign country. How to cite Promoting Internally in Expatriate Management, Essay examples

Challenges of Accounting in Global Organizations System

Question: Discuss about the Challenges of Accounting in Global Organizations System. Answer: Introduction As per the research, it has been seen that there is financial crisis in the world. The reports of FASB (Financial Accounting Standard Board) apparently issued the update of describing the milestones that have been related to the major joint projects, with conceptual frameworks. The tourism and the hotel industries are encouraged to mainly work on the processing by providing proper comments of the competitive global marketplace. (Geppert et al., 2016). IFRS works on the significant impact on the hotel company accounting process and the procedures which also provides a proper strategy for the positive change in the organization. In today's time, it has been seen that the changes in USA Accounting system works with the World Accounting Information system and to handle the competitive global marketplace, accounting, and the financial functions, it is important to find the optimized recipe for the business success. It includes the stewardship of the shareholders' value along with the strategic alignment of the company objectives and the operations. The IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) have a major impact on the accounting process and the procedures of the hotel company with the strategy that could be put for the positive organization change along with handling the comparative form of the financial information with financial indicators. (Dopson et al., 2016). Kenya has been the best tourist destination for the people in the world. Here, there are different types of the wildlife, diversified cultural as well as the attracting tourist spots. The tourism has helped the country GDP grow to an appre ciable level with the contribution mainly towards the economic development. With the globalized economic and the business environment, the assessment of the accounting systems has been important. With the economics, the accounting tends to provide the information about the firm as well as the transactions that tends to facilitate the allocation of the resources with the decisions that are made by the users for the information. (Ragab et al., 2016). The researchers also include the accounting catalyst where there is the paucity of the academic research to assess the connection of accounting in between the tourism and the applications. Every business, whether large or small has to face the issues of the accounting software which includes: The payroll where the business has only a few employees, along with the maintenance of the employed staff, housekeeping, cleaners for the pool, front desk, gift shop, restaurant, caf, bar and the security items. The labor laws have been set with the payroll for the groups where there are tipped employees like the food service workers who need to handle the back office process as well. The scheduling is set where the hotels live and die depending upon the ebb, and the flow is mainly for the seasonal spikes in the business. With this, there is also a right payroll software, where the owners can easily manage the way to control the costs by staffing as well as the needs. (Turner et al., 2017). The hotel payroll software system tends to integrate with the timecard solutions where there is a scheduling based on the calendar details that provide with the additional capability along with the analysis of the productivity and identification of the gaps. The inventory tracking includes that the hotels have beds to be changed and for this, one needs to keep an extra sheet of the blanket and the spreads for all times. The rotation is mainly in between the rooms as well as the laundry services. There is also need to turn the healthy stock for all the towels, washing clothes, soap, and the shampoo on the daily basis so that the customers are satisfied with the services provided. (Esparza et al., 2016). Hence, for this, there is a need to keep the right track through the use of the right software. The Quickbooks can easily handle the features with the seamless integration. For this, there are point-of-sale software systems which can handle the accounting, payments as well as the inventory, payroll and the auditing standards. This also provides a better and enhanced security feature so that the data can easily be kept safe from the hackers. With this, the hotel customers also need a proper solution for setting up the invoice details to the bill with the regular scheme or the capturing of the employee timecard info. It works on printing the payroll checks with tracking inventory depending upon the simplified forms of the annual tax returns. (Lempert et al., 2017). The QuickBooks can easily work on it. There is a simplification process where there are accounting standards and challenges for a Micro sales team. Comparative Analysis As per the analysis, there are diversified forms of the issues in the hotel industry which comes from the rate contracting to the engineering, marketing and then to the service delivery system. The complexity is mainly of the information system and to handle the processes or departments. It is based on the Opera for PMS, Micros, MC for the stores or the purchase. The major focus has been on handling the uncertainties in the risk profiling which comes due to the unpredictability of the industry performance. With this, the inadequacy is mainly of the qualified auditors who tend to get the key staff without any major supervision and grasping all the complex issues. (Kudrna et al., 2016). The change in the process comes with the services that are offered. For this, the guests tend to handle the changes in the processes with the complicated auditing, which is communicated at all times including the auditors as well. For the good hotel manager, it is important to focus on how he can spend the times on the meeting and greeting of the guests along with monitoring the check-in procedures in the appropriate manner. There is a corporate governance grid where the board, internal auditing, management and the external auditing team is connected to one another. With the changing services exporting sector, the major outstanding contribution is to balance the payments as well as the competitive market in an effective manner. There are few barriers to entering where the truly globalized market is set with the unnatural barriers for the trading along with handling a large number of the firms. The accounting standards are set with the activities which associate mainly with the person's usual environment along with the economic development. The enrichment of the tourism industry is for the healthy development along with handling the contribution to the economic and the employment growth. The tourism tends to en compass the transport, accommodation, catering along with the recreation of the services for the travelers. (Engel, 2016). The use of the management accounting system in the hotels as well as the managerial accounting in the multinational companies. The emphasis is on the competitor focused practices where the major focus is on the accounting functions in the hotel sector. The accounting tends to entail the different factors and processes which includes: The measurement of the processes to identify and quantify all the economic activities. There have been measurement standards which include the insights as well as the profitability for the operations of the firm. The process includes the strengths as well as the financial positions. There has been a major disclosure to the process where the measurements of the accounting are mainly communicated to the users. The auditing is the process which has been by the accounting professionals and who tend to work on the reliability of proper measurement and the process of communication. (Scafarto et al., 2016). Gaps Identified There are certain hospitality frauds which include the industrial culture, as well as the emphasis, is also on the customer service over the internal controls that tend to go into the running to a hotel, or the restaurant. The better services of the customer equal with the reputation of the business with bigger profits as well. The line employees, supervisors, and the managers are mainly focused on getting the customers with the come back to control the financial standards with short changed forms. There are accounting procedures which are important for handling the security belts of the business along with working on the intentional release of the information. The avoidance of the loss of income from the misuse or mainly from the errors in the operation helps in playing a major vital role with verification of the incomings and the expenditure. The operations in the hotel business, as well as the field of business, includes the different forms of the income and the expenditures as per the field of operations in the hotel business. For this, there are sections for the procedures where the goods of the tourists and the services tend to occur with the achievement of the profits. The utilization includes the hotel units like the bedrooms, bar, buffet and the restaurant. (Islam, 2017). The research has been focusing on the operational fields which are essential for the earning and maintenance of the costs. It also plays an important role where the accounting has been related to the funding of the hotel unit. The capital is necessary for the smooth running of the process, where the major risks are related to the loss of the capital and the credit risks tends to appear for determining the factors with viability formats. The framework of the limited risks are constituted for the financial affairs, with actions focusing on the major effects: The control of the procedures as well as to hold the check to make sure that the investments have been by the policy of investment. The control is for the evaluation, here the costs of the investments are set with the running values when it is compared to the deposits or the loan. The control also includes the availabilities, where the bank deposits and the loans have been set at a particular update, and the confirmation is also necessary for the same. The accounting systems tend to contribute to the provisions where the information is fixed for the performance measurement. With this, the accounting also focuses on the situations of the local accounting practices with the comparative framework that can set the processes at the time. The prospects are related to the accounting theory with the focus on examining and explaining the differences for the cross-national with the accounting development. (Scafarto et al., 2016). There are different techniques and the methods which are applied to the research community which also dominates the smaller number of the institutions and the authors. The accounting is based on the identified concern with different areas of interest, publication media and the research findings. The advancement is about the roaring nineties that includes the challenge with the enterprise financial transactions and the economic events. For the proper accounting, there is a need to represent the entity in the way where the users can recognize the formats as commonsensical. The QuickBooks have been necessary for the enhancement and improvement of the accounting reconciliations with imported transaction procedures from the journal or the accounts which are set through the selected accounting system. The proper customized cloud based system and the review of the financial picture will help in evaluating the expenses, assets and the liabilities of the hotel industries. The software also helps in the management of the control and the procedures. Conclusions The hotel industry like the other industry tends to focus on the decision-making processes as well as controlling all the followed processes. The financial reports are essential for the management of the hotel and to face different challenges. What matters is the core of the hotel liability along with planning, organizing and controlling all the revenues as per the costs of the hotel. (Lempert et al., 2017). With this, one needs to determine the profitability factor along with the research of the finance department which plays an important role to strengthen the internal control along with the cost related to the expenditure and improvement of the profitable margins. The analysis is based on the suggestions and the recommendations that could be made to completely overcome the problems with the improvement of the lacking requirements of the hotel operations. Reference Geppert, M., Matten, D. and Williams, K. eds., 2016.Challenges for European management in a global context: Experiences from Britain and Germany. Springer. Walker, J.R., 2016.Introduction to hospitality. Pearson Higher Ed. Dopson, L.R. and Hayes, D.K., 2016.Managerial accounting for the hospitality industry. Wiley Global Education. Ragab, A.M. and Meis, S., 2016. Developing environmental performance measures for tourism using a Tourism Satellite Accounts approach: a pilot study of the accommodation industry in Egypt.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,24(7), pp.1007-1023. Turner, M.J., Way, S.A., Hodari, D. and Witteman, W., 2017. Hotel property performance: The role of strategic management accounting.International Journal of Hospitality Management,63, pp.33-43. Esparza-Aguilar, J.L., Garca-Prez-de-Lema, D. and Durndez, A., 2016. The effect of accounting information systems on the performance of Mexican micro, small and medium-sized family firms: An exploratory study for the hospitality sector.Tourism Economics,22(5), pp.1104-1120. Scafarto, V., Ricci, F. and Scafarto, F., 2016. Intellectual capital and firm performance in the global agribusiness industry: the moderating role of human capital.Journal of Intellectual Capital,17(3), pp.530-552. Engel, C.J., 2016. A Primer on the Accounting and Reporting Requirements for Not-for-Profit Organizations.Journal of Public Management Research,2(1), p.14. Lempert, D.H. and Nguyen, H.N., 2017. Accounting for Threats to Sustainable Development: An Indicator for Holding NGOs and International Organizations Accountable to Creating the Context for Sustainable Development.Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development, (Seventeen). Islam, M.A., 2017. Future of Accounting Profession: Three Major Changes and Implications for Teaching and Research.Business Reporting, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Kudrna, Z. and Mller, P., 2016. Harmonizing Internationally to Harmonize Internally: Accounting for a Global Exit from the EU's Decision Trap.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies.

Basic Psycology Essay Research Paper Bibliography free essay sample

Basic Psycology Essay, Research Paper Bibliography A ; Reading List Alajouanine, T. : * Aphasia and artistic realisation. Brain. 1948 71:229-241. Alvin, J. : * Music Therapy. London: John Baker 1966 Amato, I. : Muscle tunes and encephalon choruss: Turning bioelectric signals into music. Sciences News. April 1989 135:202-203. Arnheim, R. : * New essays on the psychological science of art. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1986 Baer, T. , Gore, J. C. , Gracco, L.C. , A ; Nye, P. W. ( 1991 ) . Analysis of vocal piece of land form and dimensions utilizing magnetic resonance imagination: Vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90 ( 2 ) , 799-828. Bamberger, J.S. : * Cognitive issues in the develoment of musically gifted kids. In: Sternberg, R. and Davis, J.E. , Conceptions of Giftedness. Cambridge University Press: 1986 388-416. Bamberger, J.S. , and Brody, M. : *Perceptual problem-solving in music: an docket for future research. Psychomusicology, Vol 4. 1986 Banet, Bernard. 1976. # 8220 ; Toward a Developmentally Valid Preschool Curriculum. # 8221 ; In The High/Scope Report, 1975- # 8211 ; 1976, C. Silverman, ed. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Psycology Essay Research Paper Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , 7- # 8211 ; 12. Ypsilanti, MI: High/Scope Press. Bennett, Frederick. , Computers As Coachs: Solving the Crisis In Education, ( 1996 ) . Published in Education Policy Analysis Archives on the Internet and located at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cris.com/~Faben1/ Berrueta-Clement, J. R. , and others. Changed Lifes: The Effectss Of The Perry Preschool Project On Youths Through Age 19. Ypsilanti, MI: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 1984. Bever, T.G. and Chiarello, R.J. : Cerebral laterality in instrumentalists and nonmusicians. Science, 1974 185:537-539. Blacking, J. : Music and kids # 8217 ; s cognitive development: jobs posed by ethnomusicological research. In: Wilson, F.R. and Roehmann, F.L. , Music and Child Development. St. Louis, MO: MMB Music, Inc. : 1990 68-78. Blaylock, R.L. : Excitotoxins: the gustatory sensation that kills. Sante Fe, NM. Health Press 1994 Bloom, B.S. ( Ed ) : Developing Talent in Young People. New York. Ballantine Books 1985 Boff, K. , Kaufman, L. and Thomas, J. : Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. New York: Wiley, Vol 2 1986 Borling, J.E. : The effects of selective music on alpha beat and focussed attending in high-creative and low-creative topics. Journal of Music Therapy. 1981 18:101-197. Bornstein, Marc H. and Bornstein, Helen G. . INFANCY, by Child and Family Research National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, Published on the Internet and located at Brickman, N. and Taylor, L. ( Eds. ) . Supporting Young Learners: Ideas for Preschool and Day Care Providers. Ypsilanti, MI: High/Scope Press. 1991 Brickman, Nancy Altman, and Lynn Spencer Taylor, eds. 1991. # 8220 ; Supporting Active Learning. # 8221 ; Chap. 1 in Supporting Young Learners, 3- # 8211 ; 60. Ypsilanti: High/Scope Press. Brown, V.J. , Schwarz, R. , Bowman, E.M. , Fuhr, P. , Robinson, D.L. , and Hallett, M. : Dopamine dependent reaction clip shortages in patients with Parkinson # 8217 ; s Disease are task specific. Neuropyschologia V 31, No. 5 1993 459-469. Buchanan, J.J. and Kelso, J.A.S. : Posturally induced passages in rhythmic multijoint limb motions. Experimental Brain Research. 1993 94:131-142. Case, R. : Intellectual Development: Birth to Adulthood. Orlando: Academic Press 1985 Chugani, Harry T. ( 1994a ) Development of regional encephalon glucose metamorphosis in relation to behavior and malleability. In G. Dawson A ; K.W. Fischer ( explosive detection systems. ) Human Behavior and the Developing Brain.- Guilford Publications, 153-75. Chugani, Harry T. ( 1994b ) The function of PET in childhood epilepsy. J Child Neurol 9 ( Suppl ) , S82-S88. Chugani, Harry T. A ; Phelps, Michael E. ( 1986 ) Maturational alterations in intellectual map in babies determined by 18FDG Positron Emission Tomography. Science 231, 840-3. Chugani, Harry T. A ; Phelps, Michael E. ( 1991 ) Imaging human encephalon development with Positron Emission Tomography. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 32, 23-6. Chugani, Harry T. ; Phelps, Michael E. A ; Mazziotta, John C. ( 1987 ) Positron Emission Tomography survey of human encephalon functional de- velopment. Annalss of Neurology 22, 487-97. Churchland, Patricia S. ( 1986 ) Neurophilosophy. Cambridge ( Mass. ) : MIT Press. Clynes, M. and Walker, J. : Neurobiologic maps of beat, clip, and pulse in music. In: Clynes, M. : Music, Mind and Brain: The Neuropsychology of music. 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Edgar, D.M. , J.D. Miller, R.A. Prosser, R.R. Dean, and W.C. Dement. Serotonin and the mammalian circadian system. II. Phase-shifting behavioural beat with serotonergic agonists. J. Biol. Rhythms. 8: 17-31, 1993. Edwards, B. : Pulling on the creative person within. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1986 Edwards, B. : Pulling on the right side of the encephalon. Los Angeles: J.P. Tarcher, Inc. 1979 Eimas, P.D. and Galaburda, A. : Neurobiology of Cognition. Cambridge: MIT Press 1990 Epstein, D. : Tempo dealingss. Music Theory Spectrum. 1985 7:34-71. Epstein, D. : Brahms: the mechanisms of gesture, the composing of public presentation. In: Bozarth, G. : Brahms Studies. Oxford: University Press 1990 1:191-226. Epstein, D. : Time and timing in music: musical and neurological facets. In: Petsche, H. : Herbert von Karajan Symposium. Basel, Birkhaeuser Verlag: 1989 153-162. 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Gates, A.I. , and Taylor, G.A. : The acquisition of motor control in composing by pre-school kids. Teach Col Rec. ( 19230 24:459-469. Gazzaniga, M.S. , and LeDoux, J.E. : The integrated head. New York: Plenum Press. 1978 Georgopoulos, A.P. , J. Ashe, N. Smyrnis, and M. Taira. 1992. Motor cerebral mantle and the cryptography of force. Science 256:1692-1695. Georgopoulos, A.P. , J. Lurito, M. Petrides, A.B. Schwartz, and J.T. Massey. 1989. Mental rotary motion of the neural population vector. Science 243:234-236. Georgopoulos, A.P. , Taira, M. and Lukashin, A. : Cognitive neruophysiology of the motor cerebral mantle. Science Vol 260 1993 47-52. Geschwind, N. : The apraxias: Nervous mechanisms of upsets of erudite motions. American Scientist. 63 1985 188-195. Getzels, J.W. , and Csikszentmihalyi, M. : The originative vision: A longitudinal survey of job determination in art. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1976 Gibbon, J. and Allan, L. : Timing and Time Perception. 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Reflecting the high criterions of the original, The Course of Life will function as an priceless beginning of important information on every phase of human personality development. Vol. 7. ( explosive detection systems. ) 1996 334 p. 1991/245 pages Greenspan, Stanlely I. A ; Pollock, George H. ( explosive detection systems. ) The Course of Life. ( IUP ) Reflecting the high criterions of the original, The Course of Life will function as an priceless beginning of important information on every phase of human personality development. Vol. 7. Greenspan, Stanley I. ( 1989 ) . The development of the self-importance: Deductions for personality theory, abnormal psychology, and the psychotherapeutic procedure. Madison, CT: International Universities Press, 380p. Guess, Wayne. 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Studying Two Alan Bennett Monologues Essay Example

Studying Two Alan Bennett Monologues Essay Example Studying Two Alan Bennett Monologues Paper Studying Two Alan Bennett Monologues Paper Essay Topic: Literature A monologue is a play with a single performer. The word monologue is of Greek origin and comes from mono-logos. Mono means word of one person and logos means voice hence monologue, one voice. Alan Bennetts work is impressive and his understanding of characterization is second to none. He has an ability to capture the life- styles and backgrounds of the characters he creates. The language of each character brings forward clichi s that can be humorous although in my view this might not have been always intentional. In carrying out my research I found an article in The Times Newspaper where Alan Bennett recognized that although he calls this work a series of monologues they could be plays. In fact, two of his monologues have been lengthened to enable them to be performed in the theatre. The article also stated that they could, equally well, be called short stories, for although none has a conventional short story construction, each has a plot, of sorts. It is a measure of Bennetts skill with language, that all of the scripts establish detail, plot and development of character. A Lady of Letters Patricia Routledge was cast in the BBC production to play Irene Ruddock, a middle aged woman who writes letters. We soon discover that what she regards as her public responsibility has in the past turned into libel. As a result legal action has been taken against her and she has been bound over to keep the peace by a court for writing invasive and offensive letters to her neighbours. Irene Ruddock is a lonely and sad woman. The death of her mother had a deep effect on her life and writing letters is in a way her escape route for loneliness and a lack of friends/family. Her letters include writing replies to circulars and even a letter to the Queen about dog droppings! It starts to become really serious when she writes to her neighbours believing that they were abusing and neglecting their child. This is based on her prejudice towards the parents, for example she is disgusted by the fact that he has a tattoo and the kiddy looks filthy. Although Irene realizes that she may need help and visits the doctor she neglects to take the medication. Her local vicar also has little influence on her. Eventually Irene is cautioned by the police and informed that the child has died of leukemia. She is prosecuted and given a suspended sentence and assigned two social workers, who try to encourage her to join the community. Her response is to write another series of letters about the local community policeman and the lady at No. 56, which land her in prison. Prison life dramatically changes Irene because she has now found the friends and companionship she had longed for in the outside world. Irene making friends in prison is surprising because she is now mixing with people who were the victims of the letters she used to write. The strength of the monologue comes from a malicious trouble maker who finally becomes a liberated woman. It is ironic that for Irene prison is for her freedom. A Cream Cracker under the Sofa Thora Hird in the original BBC production plays Doris, a fiercely independent woman. While carrying out housework she severely injures herself. She tries to attract attention and when a policeman knocks on the door she decides to turn him away. Doris refuses to consider moving to an old peoples home where everyone smells of pee. Although one should feel sorry for Doris it is difficult to do so given her obsessions with hygiene. This monologue and the revelations about Doris and Wilfred the baby which wasnt fit to be called anything and which was wrapped up in newspaper as if it was dirty is much more shocking than A Lady of Letters. Doris has a very old fashioned outlook on life, she remembers the world when people were clean and the streets were clean. Doris is a very strong-willed woman. It is ironic therefore that to be saved she must admit that she is unable to look after herself, because she does not realise this she would rather die on the floor of her home than go to aold folks home. Talking Heads My research established that Alan Bennett believes forms. dictate themselves and that material demands to be written in a particular way and no other. Each of his characters, according to the author has a single point of view and none is telling the whole story. He says that his characters are artless and dont quite know what they are saying. This is in my view very much about the conventions he establishes. It seems to me that Alan Bennett writes very realistically. The actors speak directly to camera and alone. It is as if the audience is not watching as far as the speaker is concerned. In some ways this is like a catholic confession. The characters reveal themselves to be what they are. The writer assumes that you understand the characters emotions and you can relate to them in some way or another. The writer also assumes that you care about what happens to the characters. The BBCs approach to televising Alan Bennetts plays for television was in many ways to keep their theatrical presence although they were recorded in a television studio. The BBC broadcast them in the late 1980s; they received great public and critical acclaim because of their portrayal of human endeavour. Thora Hird won a BAFTA in 1988 for her performance as Doris in A Cream Cracker Under the Sofa and won three more awards for performances in Alan Bennett monologues, Two BAFTAs and one EMMY. These monologues were among Alan Bennetts first to be produced and broadcast. One of the challenges in televising a monologue is keeping the audiences attention as monologues are not always visually entertaining. In the programmes the directors use a close-up camera shot when the character is talking about something important. For example, in The Lady of Letters when she talks about the visit from the police when Irene states the line: No. Leukaemia The technique of mid-shot and close-up is used throughout. The music in the monologues is very fitting and allows the audience to appreciate the different moods of the play. The music is in the minor key throughout most of the monologues, demonstrating how depressed and miserable the characters sometimes are. The music is introduced to create atmosphere when something particularly emotionally stirring or dramatic is occurring. The music is also used to link the end of scenes and the fades to black. However, silence also is used to highlight different parts of the play. When the actors say important lines there is a silence for a few seconds before music is brought back. This allows the audience time to assess the dramatic effect of the play. There are several set changes in both monologues. The Lady of Letters starts off in Irenes house, in a dull plain room with just a desk and a window. The walls are plain and white with no form of decoration. The lack of decoration might suggest her lack of interest in the inside of her house; she is more interested in what is outside. After a short period of time she moves to an armchair to read the paper, yet she is still in view of the window. In the middle of the monologue there is an end of scene in which Irene is leaving her house and putting her coat on. The only other set change in A lady of Letters is when she is sent to prison. The prison walls have a plain industrial pattern and a reinforced window to prevent the inmates escaping. The sets in A Cream Cracker under the Sofa do not change very often. At the beginning of the monologue Doris is sitting in an armchair in her main room. In the room is a fireplace. When Doris tries to go and make a cup of tea she is unable to do so and ends up on the floor by the fireplace sitting next to the wedding photo she cracked. Doris attempts to make it to the door to get help. This is when the next scene change occurs. Doris ends up seated on the floor in front of the door. Later on as the monologue draws to a close Doris manages to drag herself back into the living room in which she started the monologue. The main setting of a Cream Cracker under the Sofa is Doriss main room. This room is full of furniture and is very out of date. I think this is linked with the fact that she is trapped in the past by her views of people and her obsession with hygiene. In a monologue, normally you do not see the plot happening directly. It happens, then the character tells you about it. The only exception of this in the two monologues is at the end of A Cream Cracker under the Sofa. When the police officer approaches the window you actually see Doris turn down the officers help. Fading to black is used to differentiate between two different time periods and to change the set, for example in A Lady of Letters after Irene says the line: He needs reporting (when referring to the police officer who is having an affair with the woman down the street) It fades to black and comes back with Irene in prison, this shows it is used as both a change of time and place. In the monologues the character is always talking to the camera and almost always looking straight into the camera. This makes it seem as if the character is talking directly to the viewer and I think this helps the viewer to understand their choices and opinions better than if they were not talking to the camera. One becomes almost like the characters diary. I think this because they tell you everything, yet you play no part in the plot or their life. The two monologues vary in the use of humour. A Lady of Letters subject matter uses humour effectively whilst A Cream Cracker under the Sofa has little humour. The situation of an old woman alone and in pain, condemning herself to death leaves little to laugh about. However a few moments for example are when Doris is lying distressed on the floor and a young boy enters her garden and she sees him spending a penny she says: The cheeky monkey. Hes spending a penny. Hey. Hey. Get out. Go on. You little Demon. Would you credit it? Inside our gate. Broad day light. The placell stink. Also Doris states: They ought to get their priorities right. They want learning that on their instruction course. Shouting about Jesus and leaving gates open. Its hypocrisy is that. It is in my book anyway. Love God and close all gates. Most of the comedy in the two monologues is ironic humour. Irony is when the character says something then something happens that completely contradicts what they said for example, when Irene says: Prison, they have it easy, television, table tennis, art. Its just a holiday camp, do you wonder theres crime? Then when she is sent to prison she enjoys it, this is ironic. The settings in both monologues are similar yet subtly different. For example they both start off in rooms that are old fashioned, but they are old fashioned in different ways because they are from different generations. Both the rooms have a focal point that is involved in the plot and the character concentrates on it. In A Lady of Letters it is the window. Irene is near a window for almost the whole of the monologue this is because she is observing the social life of her community rather than taking part in it. In A Cream Cracker under the Sofa the focal point is the fireplace. Doris injures herself while trying to dust it, she ends up next to it when she tries to go and make a cup of tea. Windows are also key in A Cream Cracker under the Sofa. Through the windows Doris sees the little boy spending a penny and the police officer coming to help her. There is a wide variety of connection between the two monologues. They both are about women who are trapped in some way. Irene is trapped by her anti-social letter writing and her lack of friends. You know that Irene has a lack of friends because she calls her pen a real friend. Doris is trapped by her obsession with hygiene and her old fashioned views. You can tell that Doris is obsessed with hygiene because she talks about how she had an argument with her deceased husband Wilfred about having a tree in the garden she says: Given the choice Wilfred Id rather have concrete. He said concrete has no character. I said, Never mind character, Wilfred, Where does hygiene come on the agenda? With concrete you can feel easy in your mind This extract shows just how obsessed with hygiene Doris is and how it rules her decisions and her life. Another extract that demonstrates how obsessed with hygiene she is, is when she and Wilfred have a discussion about getting a dog: Hairs all up and down, then having to take it outside every five minutes. Wilfred said he would be prepared to undertake that responsibility. The dog would be his department. I said, Yes, and whose province would all the little hairs be? What they both need is friends and family, to distract Irene from the goings on of her neighbours and to stop her from sending letters and to give Doris companionship. Both monologues are about two women who are living by themselves and they both have lost a loved one, Doris her husband and Irene her mother. Each monologue makes you feel sympathetic towards the characters involved because of the ordeal they have been through. At the end of A Lady of Letters you feel happy for Irene because of her new found friends. At the end of A Cream Cracker under the Sofa you are not sure if you should be happy for Doris because she avoids being sent to the old peoples home (Stafford House), or if you should feel sad for her because she dies. The monologues have quite similar structures. Both the monologues start off in mid conversation leaving the audience confused as to what is happening and what the character is talking about. They also both finish with a summing up line. For A Lady of Letters the finishing line is: and Im so happy The last line in A Cream Cracker under the Sofa is: Never mind. Its done with now, anyway. Both these lines give the audience a look at how the character views her decisions and their outcome. The language used by the characters and written by Alan Bennett is quite varied and it is like a real conversation. It is not like someone is reading from a script. It is as though they are really making it up as they go along, because Alan Bennett has written in thinking time and pauses for contemplation. The language that is used is the kind of language that women of those ages would be using. I noticed that the two characters speak quite similarly and have a similar vocabulary of words; for example, they both refer to children as Kiddies.

Business Ethics and Deontology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics and Deontology - Essay Example Business Ethics and Deontology Most businesses deal with problems and constraints instead of prime movers of ethical business. In this study, we are going to give a critical analysis of a business problem using deontological ethics as discussed below. Step 1, The three major ethical problems raised in the WorldCom case include, corporate strategy of growth through acquisition, use of loans to senior executives, threat to corporate governance created by chumminess and lack of arms length dealing. Step 2, Evaluating WorldCom’s ethical problems using the deontological framework. This framework entails undertaking of duties with the right motives. It is a philosophy developed by Immanuel Kant. His theory is considered deontological for reasons such as acting in the morally right way suggest that people act from duty and lastly Kant says that it is the motives of the person and not the consequences. Corporate strategy of growth through acquisition We have many models different kinds of governance in the world. T he difference comes due to the variety of capitalism in which they are formed. Liberal model tends to give priority to shareholders interest while the coordinated models recognizes other stakeholders interest such as workers, managers, customers, suppliers and community (Penrose, 2009.). Each model has an advantage. In view to WorldCom ethical, Bernie Ebbers who was considered to be colorful and likable had nothing to show after the collapse of WorldCom. Achieving position as a significant player in the telecommunication sector through the successful completion of 65 acquisitions was deontological. This is because only two of the acquired were significant. Total accumulated debt amounted to $41billion due to acquisitions. As Chief Executive Officer it was advisable to only make acquisitions of companies that were very significant at that particular time. This would have made the company free from the big debts the company has. As much as a business strategy was a success at that tim e with the continued rise in the stock market, the manager should not have used this as a driving tool for business to enable him purchase other companies. During this all process of mergers and acquisitions there was managerial challenges in two areas. That is management dealing with integrating new and old organizations. This evident when the British telecommunication corporation made a bid of $19 billion and there was a quick response of countering the offer by Ebber to $30. In addition to this, Ebber also agreed to assume $5billion in MCI debt making the deal $35. It is time consuming because of its involvement in planning and managerial attention. There is also a challenge in accounting for financial aspects in the acquisition e.g. accounting for assets, debts and goodwill. This process illustrates areas where management did not address well. For instance, Ebber was an indifferent executive who did not pay attention to operation details. A good example is the deterioration of c ustomer service and it was evident when a customer contacted customer service was discontinued incorrectly. The company was not up to the task of merging the different companies acquired. The effect of poor integration of acquired companies include little effort by management to develop a cooperative mindset among various units, closure of three important MCI services that helped in maintenance of network and opening twelve inefficient and duplicate centers.

Mohawk Industries Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mohawk Industries - Case Study Example Per the website of the company, Mohawk-Flooring.com, the Company was started in Amsterdam City in New York, in the year 1878 by Shuttleworth brothers. Although the company was started in the year 1878 the first major break for the company happened in the year 1908 when the new carpet 'Karnak' was introduced by the company. For this product there were numerous orders because of the quality and novelty of the product. The large and continuous orders made the company work on the same product for at least next five years without changing the design or colour of the product. The real name Mohawk was attributed to the company in the year 1920, when the Shuttleworth Brothers Companies amalgamated itself with McCleary, Wallin and Crouse. The Company was named after the Mohawk River Valley a part of the New York. This merger gave the additional strength for the company to become a monopoly producer of domestic woven carpets. During the 1950s the company took bold steps for major expansion and also set up manufacturing facilities in Mississippi and South Carolina. This period also witnessed the creation of an animation character 'Tommy Mohawk' by Walt Disney. In the year 1956, Mohasco Industries was formed by a merger of Mohawk Mills Inc and Alexander smith Inc.

Collective Bargaining and School Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Collective Bargaining and School Finance - Essay Example Each unit designs a contract proposal which is introduced to the districts Labor Relations Department. In the negotiating sessions the proposals and counterproposals are exchanged until an agreement is reached between both the parties in good faith. After the one year of approved contract, it is required to include a provision for reopening negotiations on specific items like salary, benefits, and one or two additional items to be selected by each party. According to the Rodda Act negotiating parties should participate, and stick to certain behaviors and time lines. They should discuss all issues to make proposals and counterproposals in an effort to reach agreement. In the school environment, this act allows teachers and employees the right to meet and negotiate with the employer with respect to wages, benefits and working conditions. Taylor Law has founded an agency named ‘The Public Employment Relations Board’ (PERB) to exercise the law. PERB’s board has three members for performing activities including adjudicating and establishing public policy concerning public sector labor relations issues; attorneys for the board; administrative law judges that hear claims of improper practices; mediators that assist public employers and employee organizations in contract negotiations; administrative and support staff that ensure services are delivered to the public sector labor relations community. PERB is responsible for interpreting disputes as to matters that are or are not ‘within scope’. The range of subjects within a scope includes matters relating to wages, hours, and working conditions negotiated between school districts and employee organizations during the collective bargaining process. There are two types of negotiations: Traditional (positional) and Interest Based negotiations. Traditional negotiations solve a problem with respect to positions and

Smoking During Pregnancy Health Concern

Smoking During Pregnancy Health Concern Erin Chaplin – Term Project Assignment #1 Topic: Tobacco Use  State: Iowa Objective: TU-6 -TU-6 Increase smoking cessation during pregnancy Increase smoking cessation during pregnancy Introduction Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a key public health concern in the United States. There are few instances in which environment has such a large effect on development as during pregnancy, which is considered a critical period.2 Prenatal factors have a large influence on a baby’s growth and development, and can lead to health consequences that affect them for their whole lives.2 Many women still smoke during pregnancy, despite it being well known that it puts the baby at risk of many health problems. There is a significant amount of scientific research proving the adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy, and pregnant women are discouraged from smoking while pregnant.2 However, it is reported that as many as 14% of pregnant women in the US continue smoking during pregnancy.1 Smoking during pregnancy remains the most common cause of infant illness and death, even though effective cessation methods exist.3 Public health is working toward trying to decrease the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy, but historical progress has been slow.3 Implications The period of infant development during pregnancy has arguably the most profound influence on a person’s long term health and quality of life.2 Smoking during pregnancy can negatively influence growth and development to such an extent as to determine future health and behavior of the child.2 There is plenty of evidence proving that the effects of smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as fetal death (spontaneous abortion), fetal growth restriction (reduced birth weight), placental complications, and premature delivery.1,2,3 Smoking also increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) after birth.3 â€Å"In 2002, 5%–8% of preterm deliveries, 13%–19% of term infants with growth restriction, 5%–7% of preterm-related deaths, and 23%–34% of deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were attributable to prenatal smoking in the United States.† 3 Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy also have increased risk for disease, health problems, and behavioral/ psychological issues later in life.2 There is evidence of a dose-response relationship, that increasing amount of cigarette usage is related to increased risk of defects and complications.1,2 It has been shown that nicotine crosses the placenta, and concentrations of nicotine in the baby can be as much as 15% higher than concentrations in the mother.2 There is also evidence that women who smoke during pregnancy have an increased risk of having a baby with two or more defects.1 There are a surprisingly large number of different physical birth defects that have been associated with significantly higher risk in women that smoke during pregnancy. There is a 9% increased risk associated with cardiovascular/heart birth defects.1 There is a 16% increased risk associated with musculoskeletal defects, such a limb reductions/underdevelopment.1 There is a 19% increased risk of facial defects, especially oral/facial clefts, with eye defects alone being greater than 25% increased risk.1 There is also increased risk of gastrointestinal defects and hernias.1 The most significant effects of smoking are seen in the occurrence and increased risk of limb reductions, club foot, oral clefts, eye defects, and hernias.1 There is not sufficient evidence to show an association between maternal smoking and defects of the genitourinary, respiratory, or central nervous systems, though it is possible that smoking may have some effect.1 (See Appendix B for Figure showing associations of specific defects with smoking) In the US there are approximately 120,000 babies born each year with a birth defect, which is 3% incidence per year.1 Smoking while pregnant has been proven to be associated with significantly increased risk for a variety of defects including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, facial, and more.1 Many of these birth defects are quite serious, result in physical and psychological illness, require several painful and expensive surgical treatments throughout the infant’s lifetime, and may still result in a disability.1 In the US the estimated total expenditures for treating birth defects was approximately $2.1 billion in 2003.1 In 2004 approximately $122 million in healthcare costs for infants were attributed to maternal smoking.3 Thus it is a significant cost on the healthcare system for women to smoke while pregnant. Other studies have found behavioral and psychological associations between smoking during pregnancy and the child’s abilities later in life.2 One study suggests that maternal smoking negatively affects a child’s speech and language development.2 Another study found an association with decreased intelligence in the child at age 4.2 There are also several studies that suggest an association with increased externalizing disorders, such as conduct disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADD/ADHD).2 Cognitive function has been shown to be adversely affected in through decreased attention span, response inhibition, memory, impulsivity, receptive language, verbal learning and design memory, problem solving, speech and language, school performance, and auditory processing.2 It is important to also keep in mind that secondhand smoke after birth also increases a baby or child’s risk for respiratory disease and infections, immune system problems like asthma and allergies, ear infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and cancer later in life.2,3 Trends Maternal smoking remains a common problem.2 It is reported that as many as 14% of pregnant women in the US continue smoking during pregnancy.1 For most states the prevalence of smoking hasn’t changed much over time; however from 2000 to 2010 smoking prevalence actually decreased in parts of the US.3 In a subgroup of ten states the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy decreased from 13.3% to 12.3%, and smoking after birth decreased from 18.6% to 17.2% over the 11 year period.3 Sites that showed a significant decrease in maternal smoking from 2000 to 2010 include Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New York City, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming.3 New York City achieved the highest annual percentage decrease.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, and West Virginia the prevalence of smoking during and after pregnancy actually increased over the time period.3 (See Figures on next page showing maternal smoking prevalence in US by time and location) In 2010 prevalence of smoking before pregnancy ranged from 9.2% in New York City to 46.2% in West Virginia, with an average of 23.2% of women that reported smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy.3 At the time only New York City and Utah had achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing prevalence of smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy to 14%. 3 Figure 1 from Source 3 Figure 2 from Source 3 In 2010 prevalence of smoking during pregnancy ranged from 2.3% in New York City to 30.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 10.7% of women that reported smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy.3 At the time none of sites had yet achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing prenatal smoking prevalence to 1.4%.3 In 2010 the percentage of women that had smoked but quit before the last trimester had increased significantly, especially in Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana the number of women quitting smoking while pregnant actually decreased.3 In 2010 the percentage of women that quit smoking while pregnant ranged from 34.3% in West Virginia to 74.6% in New York City, with an average of 54.3% of women that reported quitting smoking during pregnancy.3 All sites with data available had achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of increasing smoking cessation during pregnancy to 30%.3 In 2010 the prevalence of smoking after birth had decreased significantly, it ranged from 4.1% in New York City to 37.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 15.9% of women that reported smoking 4 months after delivery.3 In Iowa, from 2007 to 2012 the trend overall has been an average of a 15% decrease in women that have smoked before and during pregnancy.4 Unfortunately, despite this downward trend, there still remain 15% of women in Iowa that smoke during their first trimester, and 12% of women that smoke throughout their entire pregnancy.4 Awareness is helping, and there is now 41% of women in Iowa that smoked before pregnancy but quit while pregnant.4 Disparities Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy varies widely depending on maternal age, ethnicity, education, and health insurance coverage.1,2,3 Priorities can be highlighted based on this demographic information. In the US on average 20% of women less than 25 years old smoke while pregnant, compared with only 9% of women 35 years or older.1 Also 22% of women with less than 12 years of education smoke while pregnant, compared with only 6.5% of women with greater than 12 years of education.1 Some studies have even suggested that the percentage of women under age 20 that are smoking while pregnant has increased.2 Based on the demographic information presented in the Table in Appendix A, groups that need the most assistance are identified. It is easy to see a trend that women age 20-24, that are American Indian/Alaska Native, had 12 or less years of education, and had Medicaid coverage (low income) were more likely to smoke before, during, and after pregnancy.3 Women that were less than 20 years old, Asian/Pacific Islander, had greater than 12 years of education, and had private insurance coverage were all more likely to quit during pregnancy.3 (See Appendix A for Table showing maternal characteristics in prevalence of prenatal smoking) Conclusion Smoking during pregnancy has been a continued problem within the US. Maternal smoking has been proven to increase risk for many birth defects.1 Educational information encouraging women to quit smoking before or during pregnancy needs to be stressed.1 Educational and policy efforts also need to be targeted especially toward women under age 24, with 12 or less years of school, in lower socioeconomic groups, because they are more likely to smoke while pregnant.1,3 Efforts to reduce prevalence have only been mildly successful.3 In 2010 none of the states with data available had achieved the goal of reducing prevalence of prenatal smoking to 1.4%.3 If trends continue at the current slow rate then it could take another 100 years to reach that goal.3 Current tobacco control efforts in most states are probably not adequate to be able to reach national goals in reducing the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy.3 Appendix A Table 2 from Source 3 Appendix B Figure 1 from Source 1- â€Å"Summary of the meta-analyses for maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects. The pooled ORs are shown for each body system and specific defects (total number of malformed cases in brackets). CI: confidence interval† 1 References Hackshaw A, Rodeck C, Boniface S. (2011) Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls. Human Reproduction Update 2011; 17:589–604. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmr022; URL: http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/07/09/humupd.dmr022.full Knopik VS, Maccani MA, Francazio S, McGeary JE. (2012). The epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and effects on child development. Development and Psychopathology 2012; 24(4):1377-1390. doi: http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/10.1017/S0954579412000776. Tong VT, Dietz PM, Morrow B, D’Angelo DV, Farr SL, Rockhill KM, England LJ. (2013). Trends in Smoking Before, During, and After Pregnancy – Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 40 Sites, 2000–2010. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries 2013; 62(6):1-19. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6206.pdf Muldoon, J. (2013) Percent of newborns exposed to maternal smoking, by county. IA Dept. Public Health: Vital Records and Bureau of Family Health, Div. Tobacco Use Prevention Control, IDPH; 2013. URL: http://www.idph.state.ia.us/IDPHChannelsService/file.ashx?file=787F5953-4D70-4563-A885-FCB2C9D3C185

Essay --

In a patriarchal society that enforces the construction of heterosexual citizenship we are policed to follow normative discourses and structures that regulate social policies encouraging heteronormative behavior. Dominant ideologies of sexuality thus regulate and normalize social policies that create this second-class status for LGBT people. Those who fail to comply with conventional male and female behaviors are forced to live on the margins of society, excluding them from social, legal and economic rewards forcing homosexual individuals to live a life where they are required to constantly defend their sexual loyalties. The following essay will be used to discuss the challenges to normative constructions of sexuality by dismantling the naturalization of heterosexuality in analyzing the binary of heteronormativity with the use of the song ‘Same Love’ by hip-hop artist Macklemore. Heterosexuality is a political institution, which disempowers women and men by taking away their right to citizenship. Rapper Macklemore’s track provides a social commentary for the discussion of homosexual love in todays mainstream music. By expressing his support towards the sanction of gay marriage he is challenging normative sexuality, and spreading awareness towards a now-present social issue. By analyzing the song, music video and live Grammy performance it is clear LGBT communities break down taboos by rejecting this idea of a compulsory lifestyle. Using the work and writing of Lord, Ingraham and Concannon this paper will explore the relationship between citizenship, sexual identity and social exclusion. â€Å"The Silencing of Sexuality† by author Cassandra Lord focuses on the negative response society places on homosexuality. The concept of living a... ...owards heteronormativity. What people refer to, as normal human behavior doesn’t necessarily apply to everyone. However, due to conservative traditional and religious beliefs, the integration of homosexuals in society is often met with resistance. It can therefore be said that societal conservative tendencies have led to the intolerance of homosexuality therefore causing the inequality of LGBT men and women. In order to challenge normative constructions on sexuality one must first acknowledge that discrimination is still evident and continues to be a reason behind socio-political exclusion. The operations behind social policies cause oppression and isolation, and only re-thinking our approach in delivering new policies can hopefully one day meet the needs for a diverse lifestyle or in the words of Macklemore â€Å"It's human rights for everybody, there is no difference!†